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                                     He expressed it in his famous            statement ÏάνÏα ῥεῠâpanta rheiâ or            âeverything flowsâ.* He saw change as the essence of            nature, in contrast to Parmenides. These two equally famous            opinions induced many scholars to investigate in more detail            whether in nature there are conserved quantities or whether            creation is possible. We will uncover the answer later on;            until then, you might Challenge 3 s ponder which option you            prefer. Parmenidesâ collaborator Zeno of Elea (born c. 500            bce) argued so intensely against motion that some people still            worry about it today. In one of his arguments he claims â in            simple language â that it is impossible to slap somebody,            since the hand first has to travel halfway to the face, then            travel through half the dist            ance that remains, then again so, and so on; the hand            therefore should never reach the face. Zenoâs argument            focuses on the relation between infinity and its opposite,            finitude, in the description of motion. Ref. 7 In modern            quantum theory, a related issue is a subject of research up to            this day. Zeno also maintained that by looking at a moving            object at a single instant of time, one cannot maintain that            it moves. He argued that at a single instant of time, there is            no difference between a moving and a resting body. He then            deduced that if there is no difference at a single time, there            cannot be a difference for longer times. Zeno therefore            questioned whether motion can clearly be distinguished from            its opposite, rest. Indeed, in the history of physics,            thinkers switched back and forward between a positive and a            negative answer. It was this very question that led Albert            Einstein to the development of general relativity, one of the            high points of our journey. In our adventure, we wi            ll explore all known differences between motion and rest.            Eventually, we will dare to ask whether single instants of            time do exist at all. Answering this question is essential for            reaching the top of Motion Mountain. When we explore quantum            theory, we will discover that motion is indeed â to a            certain extent â an illusion, as Parmenides claimed. More            precisely, we will show that motion is observed only due to            the limitations of the human condition.We will find that we            experience motion only because          
 
    
 
		 
		
			
			
				
				
		
	 
		
			
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